Hello, and welcome to SurtrTech with another Arduino tutorial, in this one we’re about motion detection using microwaves and doppler effect, and we’re using the RCWL-0516 module.
Another popular motion sensor is the PIR HC-SR501, and as the name implies, it uses “Passive InfraRed” light waves to detect a motion, this PIR is emitted by humans or animals mostly, and anything that’s warm/hot.
Unlike the sensor above, the RCWL-0516 constantly sends microwaves around it, and they reflect back, if ANYTHING moves within the range, it will cause a change in the waves wavelength or the frequency “Known as Doppler effect“, and by anything I mean if it emits PIR/warm/hot or not, so it’s better at this point.
You can observe (hear) the Doppler effect while a police car/ambulance is moving, you can hear a different siren sound when the car is approaching near you and when it’s driving away…
RCWL-0516 Specifications
- Range: 5 – 9 m (16.4 – 29.5 ft)
- Detection Angle: 360° with no blind spot
- Voltage: 4-28 VDC
- Output: 3.4V for HIGH level and 0.7V for LOW level
- Output Time: 2s but can be modified
Hardware and parts
Actually the Arduino is not needed much, but I’m just doing it in case you want to add it to your project. The LED is completely optional, it will just light up if there’s a trigger.
Wirings
In the Wiring you can either wire the Output with a digital I/O as I did or to an analog Input, just don’t forget to modify the code and know which values the module delivers for both LOW and HIGH levels (approx 10 and 700, analog ADC values).
Wiring 1: Basic wiring
Wiring 2: Adding LED
Codes
The two codes are easy and simple, you can download them here.
Code 1
The sensor output is on 2, there’s a message that constantly print on the serial monitor: “clear” and if there’s a motion it tells you “Motion detected”, if you don’t like this constant printing you can add the flag method, it will show the message only once.
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#define Sensor 2 void setup() { pinMode(Sensor,INPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { bool Detection = digitalRead(Sensor); if(Detection == HIGH) Serial.println("Motion detected !!"); if(Detection == LOW) Serial.println("Clear"); } |
Code 2
We add the LED and as long as the Output is HIGH the LED will light up for 2s.
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#define Sensor 2 #define LED 3 void setup() { pinMode(Sensor,INPUT); pinMode(LED,OUTPUT); } void loop() { bool Detection = digitalRead(Sensor); if(Detection == HIGH) digitalWrite(LED,HIGH); if(Detection == LOW) digitalWrite(LED,LOW); } |
Test
The LED is off, no motion detected.
Motion detected, the LED is on.
Add-on
As you can see, the module is pretty much stand alone, so there are some modifications that you can apply directly on the circuit
- R-GN : here you can solder a 1 MOhm resistor to reduce the range from 9m to 5m only
- C-TM : here you can solder a capacitor to increase the output trigger time, 2s is the default
- CDS: here you can add a LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), and the module will be active only when there’s *no enough light* for example of outdoor lighting, you don’t want lighting in the morning or afternoon, but you want to wait until sunset or complete dark.
- R-CDS: here you can solder a resistor to control the *enough light, if you want to activate the module from the sunset or you want to wait until complete dark, the resistor value will define when it’s ok to start the automatic lighting for example, the smaller the resistor value, the brighter it has to be to deactivate the trigger
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